Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Karla Violeta Pillado Albarán
Author-Name: Felipe Carlos Viesca González
Author-Name: Alejandro Tonatiuh Romero Contreras
Author-Name: Lilia Zizumbo Villareal
Title:  Ijuí, Brasil: Sociedad, Economía e Identidad
Abstract: Resumen: Ijuí es una población surgida a finales del siglo
XIX en los márgenes de la Cuenca del Río Ijuí, la planeación de su fundación
así como su desarrollo económico y sociocultural fueron determinados por las
políticas de expansión imperialista en el Nuevo Mundo. La región fue poblada
por migrantes de diferentes etnias europeas que huían de los problemas bélicos
o que buscaban oportunidades de enriquecimiento en nuevas tierras; Ijuí fue la
primera colonia oficial de las llamadas Colonias Nuevas de Rio Grande do Sul,
Brasil. El ambiente de la región fue totalmente transformado por los nuevos
habitantes, ya que para habitarla debieron clarear la mata atlántica
característica; en este proceso se conjuntaron diversos modos de vida,
costumbres y tradiciones de los pueblos migrantes que finalmente dieron origen
a una nueva identidad cultural. Cada migrante trajo consigo los modos de
producción que practicaba en su lugar de origen, lo que permitió que el
desarrollo en la región tuviera avances significativos a partir de la creación
de diversas industrias que fueron alimentadas principalmente por la fuerza
hídrica y electricidad que se obtenía de los afluentes del río Ijuí. Este
trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar el desarrollo socioeconómico de Ijuí a
partir del aprovechamiento de la cuenca hídrica, identificar cómo los nuevos
pobladores se apropiaron del lugar y lo modificaron para su provecho, y cómo
surgió, con el paso del tiempo, una identidad cultural propia, la del gaúcho,
como resultado de la integración de diferentes etnias en un paisaje nuevo La
base del análisis toma como referencia la teoría metodológica de la Geografía
Cultural.
Abstract:This document is an analysis of economic and
sociocultural development of Ijuí, community of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil
under doctrine of Geography Cultural. Ijuíis localized in de basin of same name
northwest of RS. In the XVI century arrived theJesuits missioners who organized
the natives in small villages that got be important economical centers of mate
herb and cattle settled this area firstly. In 1759the Portugal Minister declared
a law ejected the Jesuits of his territories and the land remained free of
settlers. Then with the independence, Brazil opened the commercial success with
sugar cane plantations, coffee and the gold ore extraction. The slave covered
the labor required for these activities, after slave abolition the Brazilian
Government invited and made laws in favor of immigrants to come to Brazil to
work in a salaried system that was influenced by the European capitalism in
expansion. To maintain sugar cane and coffee plantations as the gold ore
extraction, were created agricultural and cattle poles in environmentally
strategic areas, in this way IRB was settled by Germans ethnics. The Ijuícolonization
began with the official founding of the Colony Ijuí on October 19, 1890, where
installed a hundred families and by Decree n° 1814, on January 31, 1912, was
established as an autonomous municipality. The colonization settled Russians
and Polands with German roots, in 1981 arrived Italians and Swedishs; with the
First World War arrived Germans, Lithuanians, Austrians, in 1895 Arabians. The socioeconomic
function was determined by their knowledge of land use and their lifestyles,
identified by habits (dances, rites, foods, clothes, linguistic dialects,
religion, etc). The region was developed through settler’s work that drove it
as a commercial and industrial empire, the experience of immigrants in industry
work and organization favored the rapid economic development of the region. The
settlers knew little or nothing riograndense climate, but created economies
based in local crops such as yerba mate, the use of land for farming of cereals
and vegetables, livestock, mainly pigs exploitation of natural resources such
as power generators, and the river to produce electricity and give rise to
other industries. Environmental, economic and social development in the IRB
depended on capitalist development model adopted by Brazil to ensure an
economically prosperous society. The natural areas became cities in intensive
fields, grazing areas and industrial complexes, and consumption is not
encouraged conservation. The economy prospered thanks to environmental
management as an energy source to operate it and the production of goods for
consumption and trade. Emerged a new cultural identity following the
convergence of different ethnicities in the same space, the most deeply rooted
traditions of that combination persist to this day, others were created over
time to strengthen the sense of belonging in the region. Now at days Ijuí are
exploited for agriculture, are reminiscent of the natural flora in the bank and
there is a highly developed industrial complexes in urban areas. By the high
cultural level the region is known as the "land of diverse cultures"
by the prevailing number of ethnicities and express their cultural traits. Ijuí
represents migration policy of colonial Brazil, in a small land gaúcha converge
a variety of races and nationalities that reflect a new Brazilian identity.
Despite the ethnic, groups stay in touch as part of territorial ownership and
its economic and cultural development.
Classification-JEL: R1
Keywords: ambiente lacustre, System Lake, colonización brasileña, Ijuí, Desarrollo económico, gaúcho, Identidad cultural, Brazilian colonization, Economic development, Cultural identity
Pages: 15-38
Volume: 2
Year: 2015
File-URL: http://www.revistaestudiosregionales.com/documentos/articulos/pdf-articulo-2468.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:rer:articu:v:2:y:2015:p:15-38