Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Juana Maria Morcillo Martínez
Author-Name: Eva Maria Sotomayor Morales
Author-Name: Yolanda Maria Fuente Robles
Title:  LA TRIADA DEL FENOMENO MIGRATORIO: INICIO, TRÁNSITO Y ACOGIDA DE MUJERES QUE EMIGRAN DESDE TÁNGER A ANDALUCÍA
Abstract: Resumen:En este trabajo analizamos, por un lado, el proceso migratorio de la mujer desde Marruecos hacia Andalucía en un contexto de crisis económica y, por otro, las categorías de influencia en su proceso de integración social en la sociedad de acogida. Para ello, hemos empleado una metodología cualitativa, a través de entrevistas en profundidad, indagando en sus discursos desde un enfoque longitudinal en tres momentos clave, el inicio, el tránsito y el asentamiento. Los resultados manifiestan como se construyen y desdibujan las expectativas de las mujeres que cruzan Marruecos para llegar a España, evidenciándose paralelamente un incumplimiento tácito de los derechos humanos.Abstract:In this  work we analyze, on the one hand, the migratory process Morocco women to Andalusia in a economic crisis context and, on the other hand, the categories of influence in their process of social integration in the host society. To this end, we have used a qualitative methodology, through in-depth interviews, investigating in their speeches from a longitudinal approach in three key moments, the beginning, the transit and the settlement. The results show how the expectations of women who cross Morocco to reach Spain are built and blurred, and a tacit breach of human rights is evident.
Methodology and objectives
In this work, we have not intended to measure the migratory phenomenon but to describe its determinants and through the discourses, try to identify the deep nature of this social reality, its relationship system and its dynamic structure. Neither, we have not started with a consolidated explanatory theory in scientific knowledge to, through the deductive method, verify or refute the behavior of certain paradigms in social reality. This has already been done successfully on occasions as we quoted below but, based on these and starting from the reality - a migratory movement carried out by women, the present work has obtained the necessary information for its development from the qualitative methodology. The strategy that we carry out is oriented to discover and understand a concrete phenomenon and this methodology is what gives meaning to our research work. In this sense, we have carefully selected the key informants with the intention of collecting their speech and obtaining a broad vision of the experiences that come with the migratory processes of Morocco women in their process of social integration in the Autonomous Community of Andalusia .
On the other hand, understanding that the phenomenon can not be analyzed only from the discourse of the social actors, we carry out an ethnographic method through participant observation, culminated through registration and observation of the social context, the way in which the social actors in their context, the attitude of the professionals, the public policies and norms of the context and the behaviors and attitudes of the actors who do not intervene in the first person of the migratory phenomenon.
Therefore, in addition to the ethnographic method, the methodology that we have used has been qualitative, through the technique of semi-structured interview with a sample size defined by saturation, which reached 18 cases selected through a Sampling, given the nature of the population under study. (Ruiz Olabuénaga, 2003).
In order to do so, the criteria they used to contribute relevant information to our research were taken as criteria. In this sense, the requirements of key informants are related to: (i) Knowledge of the object to be investigated; (ii) first-person participants in the migratory phenomenon and, (iii) representing complementary views of the migratory phenomenon.
Women were selected who:
1. They intended to emigrate.
2. In full transit.
3. They would have completed the migration process for two years or less.
The categories previously selected for the analysis have been defined through the following topics:
1. The system of attributions of the beginning of the migratory process.
2. The reception process and the contextual conditions of the receiving society.
3. Comparative patterns of well-being in Morocco and Andalusia.
4. Expectations, desires and feelings.
5. Familiar social networks around the beginning of the migration project.
6. Difficulties during transit.
7. Perception of the migration project itself.
8. Interference of the economic crisis in speeches.
9. Perceptions about returning to their home society.
The work plan developed in the different phases carried out consisted of the following actions:
1. We carry out a wide bibliographic review related to our object of study. This phase was related to the exploration and analysis of scientific production in the issue that concerns us and that directly links gender and female migration.
2. The field work was carried out in the city of Tangier (Morocco) and in the Autonomous Community of Andalusia, within the framework of different research projects that are part of the aid of own calls for Cooperation to the Development of the University of Jaén And the Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation (AECID) .
3. We resorted to using the intentional sampling procedure that allowed us to select the subjects in the sample. The sample was generated progressively where each subject proposed to other people they knew.
4. At the same time, we used participant observation or ethnographic observation. Three elements of this technique were taken into account at the time of its use; (I) social interaction, (ii) data collection protocol, and (iii) control of information
Research objectives:
1. Observe the legislative framework and immigration policies and integration models in the context of Andalusia and Tangier.
2. Analyze the conditions and discourses that are generated in this migration process both in the context of departure, in transit and in the receiving society.
3. Analyze the migration process of Moroccan women to Andalusia, based on their expectations, experiences and personal assessments.
4. Identify the discourses around the exclusion processes that affect the Moroccan woman in the host society
5. Design proposals for improvement, achieving the overcoming of the more generalist positions insofar as they identify the migratory phenomenon as unique.
Results in relation to objectives.
1. The exclusionary factors of this particular phenomenon are identified in such a way that proposes the adaptation of public policies and measures in which integration and socio-labor participation is the key axis of action and women are recognized in all areas of performance. However, it is recognized that certain changes in their societies of origin are also necessary.
2. The migratory process of Moroccan women, in their economic character, has a specific reception in a segmented labor market, with tasks of family and domestic care, surrounded by a great vulnerability, but which satisfies to some extent their migratory expectations.
3. The current economic crisis suffered by Andalusia, for almost a decade, provokes that, although this is identified by the protagonists in forms that are ignored in their speeches, I acted as a mechanism to curb and expel female migration, or Precarization of underemployment to which they access.
4. Different situations related to different moments of the migration are exposed within a frame of fatigue and wear. Subsequently, some perceptions of well-being are shown, in cases where women understand that their expectations have been met.
5. We believe it is necessary, despite not being evident, an improvement in Spanish policies to improve the quality of life of women, to make proposals generated by the results of the analysis in the sense of improving the integration and social participation of Moroccan women who should have institutional resources in different areas, highlighting improvements in the current Aliens Act, access to the education system, labor insertion, language learning, accreditation of studies, gender violence, impartial media and poor housing.
In our opinion, it is important to develop many positive actions and political will to achieve an optimal process of integration and social participation of women from Morocco in Andalusia.
Classification-JEL: R1
Keywords: Migraciones, Mujeres Del Norte de Marruecos, Crisis económica, Procesos de Exclusión y Políticas Públicas., Immigration, Women From The Morocco, Economic Crisis, Exclusión Processes And Public Policies.
Pages: 157-180
Volume: 1
Year: 2018
File-URL: http://www.revistaestudiosregionales.com/documentos/articulos/pdf-articulo-2540.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:rer:articu:v:1:y:2018:p:157-180