Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ricardo Urrestarazu Capellán
Author-Name: Alejandro García Pozo
Author-Name: José Luis Sánchez Ollero
Title:  UNA APROXIMACION A LA INFLUENCIA DEL SECTOR TURÍSTICO SOBRE EL DERECHO A LA VIVIENDA
Abstract: Resumen:En los últimos años se ha producido un aumento del parque de viviendas en alquiler en España. El incremento en la demanda de alquiler residencial y el carácter inelástico de su oferta han producido una subida de sus precios que atrae y mejora la rentabilidad de los inversores. Esta situación es simultánea a la expansión de la vivienda turística vacacional, que ayudada por las plataformas de comercialización por internet, está siendo receptora de buena parte del parque de alquiler del país. Todos estos factores producen una competición de los recursos inmobiliarios que encarece y dificulta el acceso a la vivienda.Abstract:In the last few years there has been an increase in the park of housing for rent in Spain. The increases in the demand for residential rent and the inelastic nature of its offer have produced a rise in its prices that attracts and improves the profitability of the investors. This situation is simultaneous to the expansion of tourist holiday housing, which helped by Internet marketing platforms, is receiving much of the country's rental park. All these factors produce a competition of real estate resources that makes it difficult to access housing.
This article aims to be an approximation to deepen the future in this topic, so we use as a methodology an analysis based the Literature Review existing at international and national level, including reports and studies of companies and business associations linked to the sector.
We do not intend to reach conclusive statements, but if we are to expose issues that should be developed in future work, with more adequate data and econometric methodologies, as has been done in other states of the world.
First of all we must highlight the difficulty of finding official data on the housing stock offered for rent and its price level. This absence is compensated by attending to those contributed by centers of studies of financial institutions, real estate portals and business associations, which have a high degree of professionalism, but at the same time own interests, which should have a public counterweight that shows the real estate sector completely.
With these premises it can be said that the rent as a form of tenure, has suffered an increase in its park in recent years, reaching from 20.5% in 2005, to 22.9% of 2016, an increase that does not impede seeing a shortage of the supply of housing in this regimen in the country, despite the fact that the reduction of the stock in vacant and secondary housing has been mainly destined to thicken the rental market.
The reason for this behavior is in the increase in the demand for this type of housing, either for seasonal residential rental or for holiday rental.
This last demand, is the main novelty of the real estate market in recent years, entering into competition with housing for residential rental in obtaining the resources of investors and the demand of tenants.
One of the main factors that have facilitated the growth of the tourist holiday housing market, is the emergence of the Internet marketing platforms peer-to-peer, multinational companies with a global market that allows any entrepreneur to access the market with a facility and costs that are non-existent in the past.
But in any case, the increase in demand for rental housing and the expectations of benefits existing in its market, have attracted the attention of private and institutional investors, with special relevance of the latter, which grouped in Real estate investment companies seek to obtain stable and higher yields to those of other investment alternatives, counting also with enough power to influence the market.
Within the alternatives present in this market, the holiday tourist rental represents a more attractive option for its greater profitability with respect to the residential, which ends up producing, in many cases, a displacement of part of the park of the latter at first, in addition to a general increase in rental housing to compensate the owners who maintain this option, part of the benefits waived for not passing it to holiday rental.
It is advisable not to forget that part of this profit differential is obtained in a market that has an important traditional weight of fiscal opacity, which is an inconvenience for the sustainability of public policies, raising profits in an unfair against competitors, and impedes a more adequate knowledge of the sector.
The consequence of all the price increase is a greater difficulty for the citizens to find an affordable housing, which generates phenomena of displacement of population of less resource from the central zones of the cities to peripheral zones, turning the former into places destined for the higher classes or to the tourists.
In addition, it is becoming common to find cases of renewal of residential rental contracts with significant increases in their income, which the citizens of low and middle income cannot afford, finding these with a small park of public rental housing to go to.
 Our research has made it possible to confirm the existence of a growing social problem: the difficulty that for a very important part of our society implies access to decent and affordable housing. The modest evolution of the incomes available in Spanish households, and the upward trend of rent prices, as well as the small size of their market, makes citizens have to take very high costs to enjoy a home.
But the existence of the tourist holiday housing and the tourist activity in general, only represents a part of the factors that influence the increase of the access to the housing, being necessary to realize investigations that manage to describe all these factors and how each of them contributes to the phenomenon, paying special attention to the role that the public sector makes in providing affordable housing to the citizens of our country.
This work is structured as follows: in the next section we analyze the recent evolution of the housing park, both in its availability and its price; the third item is dedicated to analyzing the relationship between this evolution and the tourism phenomenon. The fourth section contains the main conclusions reached and, finally, the bibliography used as reference is detailed.
Classification-JEL: R1
Keywords: Viviendas de Alquiler, Contribución Del Turismo al Crecimiento Económico, Evolución de Precios, Inversión y Gentrificación., Rental Housing, Active tourism, Price Evolution, Investment And Gentrification.
Pages: 71-95
Volume: I
Year: 2020
File-URL: http://www.revistaestudiosregionales.com/documentos/articulos/pdf-articulo-2586.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:rer:articu:v:I:y:2020:p:71-95