Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Fernando Fernández-Llebrez González
Title:  Mecanismos ambientales, cognitivos y relacionales en el surgimiento del actual movimiento independentista catalán
Abstract: Resumen:El objeto del artículo es abordar algunas de las peculiaridades del procés catalán. En concreto se centrará en el surgimiento (2011-2013) del actual movimiento independentista catalán, siendo su actor principal la Assemblea Nacional Catalana. Teniendo como marco teórico y metodológico el análisis de marcos, este artículo estudiará cómo el actual movimiento independentista catalán, sustentándose en una situación política de insatisfacción de una parte significativa de la sociedad catalana con el proceso autonómico, creó y desarrolló un alineamiento de marco de carácter independentista facilitado por un conjunto de mecanismos ambientales, cognitivos y relacionales que ayudaron a su cristalización.Abstract:The purpose of this article is to address some of the peculiarities of the Catalan procés. Specifically, it will focus on the emergence (2011-2013) of the current Catalan independence movement, with the Catalan National Assemble as its main actor of analysis.
The hypothesis that is tried to verify is that the present Catalan independentism, sustaining itself in the political dissatisfaction of a significant part of the Catalan society with the autonomic process -which will last all the studied time-, will create and develop a specific frame alignment of independence character facilitated by a set of environmental, cognitive and relational mechanisms that helped its crystallization.
The time in which this movement will set is between 2011 and 2013, although to get there it is necessary to study its precedents and the mechanisms that intervened in its development.
The article will be divided into three parts:
The first raises the theoretical framework from which we will delve into our object, which is the frame analysis (Benford and Snow, 2000; Máiz, 2016) and the social mechanisms that characterize it. Throughout the article, it will be differentiated, conceptually and empirically, between environmental, cognitive and relational mechanisms (Tilly et al., 2005; McAdam and Tarrow, 2016).
The different social mechanisms (environmental, cognitive and relational) studied are :
Environmental mechanisms: 2006 Statut; 2006 Autonomic Elections; 2008 Economic and social crisis; 2009 Municipal referendums; 2010 Constitutional Court Ruling; 2011 Political crisis; 2011 Birth ANC and social movements; 2011 Victory PP general elections; 2012 “Puyol Case”; 2012 Autonomic elections.
Cognitive mechanisms: 2006 Dissatisfaction level of Autonomy (IA);  2006 Territorial model/ Independence (EI); 2006 Feeling of territorial belonging (SIP); 2007 The big house of Catalanism, 2009 Political Situation in Spain (SPE); 2009 Satisfaction with democracy (SD), 2011 Political discourse and territorial implantation of the ANC.
Relational mechanisms: 2012 Political turn CiU – Dispute hegemony in nacionalism.
The second part aims to study the background of this movement that acts as a substrate for the establishment of the Catalan independence movement.  In this sense, the interaction between the mechanisms studied makes "the symbols of the action can not be read as a" text "independently of the conflicting strategies and relationships" (Tarrow, 1997: 214) that are given and disseminated to over space and time, forcing the analysis of text and context in a relational manner. What is produced from 2010 onwards is an interaction between environmental and cognitive mechanisms in which dissatisfaction with the existing level of autonomy acquires a relevant value.
In this way, dissatisfaction with autonomy, which is not a variable of the political system but a social mechanism that influences it, acted as a master frame for collective action as it is an "interpretative scheme that simplifies and condenses the world of out there scoring and selectively coding objects, situations, events, experiences and sequences of actions within each one's present or past environment "(Tarrow, 1997: 214).This master frame will be taken advantage of by the incipient independence movement to create, in the next two years, a specific "frame alignment" (Tarrow, 1997: 216) that will redress this discomfort in favor of pro-independence theses, facilitated by the reception contexts that they were generated.
In the third part, and central core of the analysis, the genesis of the movement will be exposed, with special emphasis on the social mechanisms that have made it possible.
This section begins by analyzing three environmental political mechanisms that were key to the emergence and crystallization of this movement.The first had to do with the political crisis that was generated from 2010 after the measures promoted by the government of Rodríguez Zapatero (Valencia, 2013; LLera, 2016). The second event will be the victory of the PP in the general elections of 2011 and will have relevance for the crystallization of certain ideas that characterize the political identity of the independence movement. The third event occurred in 2012 and had to do with the advance of the autonomic elections for that year.
This third environmental mechanism implied a change in the relational mechanisms that characterized the independence movement up to now, generating a new link between two or more enclaves (the social movement and the parliamentary independence formations, to which some Catalan political institutions would finally have to be added) that previously were disconnected (Tilly, 2005: 28). This produced a new social political agency that will lead from that moment onwards, giving it a social and a clearly political institutional part.
The analysis of these mechanisms allows us to verify that it was the interaction between the different mechanisms studied that allows us to understand how the current Catalan independence movement could carry out its specific framework alignment.
Finally, and after this study, the following conclusions will be reached:
It is verified that it is the relationship between the different environmental, cognitive and relational mechanisms studied that allows an adequate understanding of how and why the current Catalan independence movement emerged. It is true that the different mechanisms that are analyzed have influenced its emergence. But from the point of view of political theoretical analysis it is necessary to make a differentiation.
The environmental mechanisms (such as the 2006 Statute, the autonomic elections of 2006, the economic and social crisis and the Constitutional Court ruling) and cognitive mechanisms (such as the different perception indicators analyzed and The big house of Catalanism) prior to 201, made it possible for it was given, especially among the political elites, a master frame that was relevant and necessary for the emergence of this movement.
But it was after the determinant birth of the ANC when it was detected, from the theoretical-political point of view, a significant relationship 
But it was after the determinant birth of the ANC when it is detected, from the theoretical-political point of view, a significant relationship between certain environmental (political crisis, development of the social movement, victory of the PP and regional elections of 2012), cognitive (speech of the ANC and indicators of perception) and relational mechanisms (political turn of CiU and its motives) that made possible the frame alignment analyzed. It is the conjunction of these factors, each with its intensity, which allows us to satisfactorily understand why and how the current Catalan independence movement emerged and was forged. Without this political and social action, and their contexts, their political postulates would hardly have caught on in part of Catalan society.
Bibliography:
Benford, Robert and Snow, David (2000): “Framing Processes and Social Movements. An Overview and Assessment”, Annual Review of Sociology, vol. 26, pp. 611-639.
Llera, Francisco José (2016): Desafección política y regeneración democrática en la España actual, Madrid, CEPC.
Máiz, Ramón (2016): “From Structures to Processes and Mechanisms”. En Funes, Mª J. Regarding Tilly: Conflict, Power and Collective Action, Lanham, University Press of America, 2016. 
McAdam, Doug y Tarrow, Sidney (2016): “Collective Action and Contemporary Contentious Politics”. En Funes, 2016. 
Tarrow, Sidney (1997): El poder en movimiento. Los movimientos sociales, la acción colectiva y las política, Madrid, Alianza.
Tilly, Charles et al. (2005): Dinámica de la contienda política, Barcelona, Hacer.Valencia, Ángel (dir.) (2013): Crisis y democracia, Sevilla, CENTRA.
Classification-JEL: R1
Keywords: Movimientos Sociales, Análisis de Marcos, Mecanismos Sociales, Independentismo, Procés Catalán, Asamblea Nacional Catalana., Social Movements, Frame Analysis, Social Mechanisms, Independence, Catalan Process, Catalan National Assembly.
Pages: 97-122
Volume: I
Year: 2020
File-URL: http://www.revistaestudiosregionales.com/documentos/articulos/pdf-articulo-2587.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:rer:articu:v:I:y:2020:p:97-122