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Patrones espaciales de la servicialización territorial en la megalópolis del Valle de México



José Antonio Cabrera-Pereyra



Resumen:

La servicialización territorial alude a la proximidad entre manufacturas y servicios intensivos en conocimiento, como expresión espacial de su integración. La teoría sugiere que la asociación espacial entre el gasto de la manufactura en servicios profesionales y especializados y la concentración de éstos antecede a la servicialización territorial. Este artículo analiza los patrones espaciales de estos antecedentes en la megalópolis de la Ciudad de México. Los resultados sugieren una asociación positiva a distancias cortas (1 a 5 km) entre los servicios profesionales y especializados, la manufactura de media alta y alta tecnología, y el gasto manufacturero en estos servicios.

Abstract:

Territorial servitization alludes to proximity between manufacturing and knowledge-intensive services, as a spatial expression of their integration. Theory suggests that the spatial association between manufacture spending on professional and specialized services and their geographic concentration precedes territorial servitization. This article analyses the spatial patterns of these antecedents in the Mexico City megalopolis. Results suggests there is a positive association at short distances (1 to 5 km) between professional and specialized services, medium-high and high technology manufacturing, and the manufacture spending on these services. Data: indicators are based on open data available at Mexico´s National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI in Spanish), specifically the Statistical National Directory of Economic Units (2010 and 2020) which provides georeferenced firm data, and Economic (2009 and 2019) and Population Censuses (2010 and 2020). Methodology: Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA) techniques are used to analyze the data, specifically the Moran index and the local bivariate Moran index to locate relevant bivariate concentration processes. These tools allow to measure the degree of spatial association between the variables of the study, and locate within the Mexico City megalopolis relevant areas where variables exhibit high levels of concentration. Main results: evidence shows proximity (1 to 5 km) between concentration of manufacture spending on professional and specialized services, concentration of firms providing these services, and concentration of medium-high and high-tech manufacture firms within main intrametropolitan urban centers. Specifically, Mexico City proper and Puebla and Toluca (located to the east and west of Mexico City, respectively), show clusters of high values of the variables of the study. Moreover, results suggest manufacturing niches where medium-high and high-tech manufacturing and knowledge-intensive services are both highly concentrated. Conclusions: antecedents of territorial servitization cannot be decoupled from urban core centers within Mexico City, and patterns depict the location of niches of potential service-manufacturing collaboration which can provide the basis towards consolidating local knowledge-based manufacturing. Further, as results suggest, there appears to be evidence pointing towards the presence of agglomeration economies, but the lack of geographically disaggregated economic data (e.g., added value or productivity) limits conclusions on these matters.

© Revista de estudios regionales 2014 Universidades Públicas de Andalucía